being against Russia, the second, along with it”. Some Russian media believe that the Kremlin has thus given an ultimatum to Astana. Here, here, here, and here are just a few examples of this. Kapital-rus.ru, in an article entitled “Is a decisive fight coming? Belousov has issued an ultimatum to Kazakhstan”, quoted Mikhail Onufrienko, ? milit… Read More

The third part of the native population of Kazakhstan, the Junior Zhuz, or the Alshyns, became Russian subjects back in 1730s. Their subjection to Russia had never been contested by China. Western Kazakhstan, where the Alshyns’ historical lands are located, is geographically very distant from even the western borders of China. Their historical na… Read More

organizational structure of Kazakhs, according to which they are divided into three groups: the Senior Zhuz (which consists of the descendants of the Niru’un or pure Mongols), the Middle Zhuz (which consists of the descendants of the Darligin or other Mongols), and the Junior Zhuz (the descendants of non-Mongols) It’s a long-held stereotype bey… Read More

Labrusse recalls feeling “powerless” when he started applying his scientific skills and methods to prehistoric art (he is a professor of art history at École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales). “History requires context, facts, and elements to narrate it. These things are almost nonexistent when one looks back so far behind in time,”… Read More

The Pompidou exhibition’s three curators, Cécile Debray, Rémi Labrusse, and Maria Stavrinaki, write on the museum website that Primitivism in the 20th Century Art did not include prehistory “which, in fact, is fundamentally different from it. For the modern Western world, the ‘primitive’ is generally rooted in specific cultures, usually d… Read More